In the trait/factor model of career counseling, an important basic tenet is the concept of matching aptitude and interest profiles with requirements of jobs. Basically, the belief according to trait/factor theory is that career choice is a single event and that there is only one correct type of person for each job. Trait/factor is also known as actuarial or matching.

Arising from the 19th century Progressive Vocational Movement, this approach is meant to draw a blueprint from which to construct a pragmatic model of client behavior and life options. The theory further states that there is one right job for each person. Believe it or not, this crude technique was used to match fighting men and women in World War II with jobs, meanwhile starting career counseling with the development of aptitude and interest testing.

Terms:

1. Traits - personal attributes, strengths, and weaknesses
2. Factors - conditions for success
3. True reasoning - best decision

The terms trait and factor refer principally to abilities, vocational interests, and personality characteristics. General intelligence, special aptitudes, academic achievements, and job skills are included within the category of abilities.

Characteristics of the Trait/Factor Model:

1. Theoretical
2. "Dustbowl empiricism" over positing organizing concepts or hypothetical constructs
3. Analytical/atomistic

The counselor is expected to uncover and use extensive information to understand the client's needs and nature (traits). "Factor" means characteristics of jobs and careers; the counselor should have broad, practical knowledge of the features and requirements of varied jobs and careers. Simply stated, the trait/factor approach says:

1. Know the client
2. Know the job
3. Match them up