The environment provides two types of situations for an individual that determine behavior: positive and negative. Learning only takes place where there is either positive or negative reinforcement. We exhibit or inhibit behaviors because of the ramifications given to those behaviors.

Techniques:

1. Biofeedback
2. Problem identification and assessment
3. Guided imagery
4. Systematic desensitization
5. Role playing/rehearsal
6. Self-monitoring
7. Exposure therapy
8. Token economy
9. Diversion
10. Biofeedback
11. Response cost
12. Thought stopping
13. Shaping
14. Aversion therapy

Behavioral modification derives from operant conditioning; the objective is to increase desirable behaviors or to reduce objectionable behaviors.